The Effectiveness of Medical Marijuana Essay -- Drugs

Marijuana, also commonly referred to as pot, weed, cannabis, or a cast of other names, has been cultivated as early as 4000B.C. in China, from the hemp plant cannabis sativa (Miller, 2012). There have been reports of it existence utilised for medicinal purposes dating as furthermost back as 1500B.C. (ProCon.org, 2012a). Although cannabis contains a variety of different chemicals, the main, and most understood, ingredient is THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The amount of THC in ganja determines the drugs strength and can be touched by the growing conditions. Marijuana is usually smoked by being turn into blunts or joints or by being smoked through with(predicate) a pipe or bong. The difference between blunts and joints is that joints are rolled in cigarette paper, while blunts are wrapped in a cigar shell. Smoking is not the only route of administration. Often times marijuana is baked into brownies or other baked goods. Marijuana, in the form of baked goods, has become v ery widely used, so much in fact, that about high schools banned students from bringing baked goods from home (Villarosa, 2012). The legality of use of marijuana for recreational as well as medicinal purposes has been a contr everyplacesial inconvenience for a long time, dating as far back as 1913, and still remains a controversial issue today (Gieringer, 1999). So far, 16 states and Washington DC legalized the use of marijuana for medical purposes, and 18 states are still pending legalization (ProCon.org, 2012b). some major reasons why legalization of marijuana remains such a controversial issue is because of its previous advertisement as a drug that will cause you to be committed to a mental establishment and also the potential harmful side effects. A review of the FDA contrary Events from 1... ...rce.php?resourceID=000145ProCon.org. (2012a, March 8). Historical Timeline. MedicalMarijuana.ProCon.org. Retrieved from http//medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resou rceID=000143ProCon.org. (2012b, March 9). 18 States with Pending Legislation to allow Medical Marijuana. MedicalMarijuana.ProCon.org. Retrieved from http//medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=002481Solowij, N., Stephens, R., Roffman, R., Babor, T., Kadden, R., Miller, M., & ... Vendetti, J. (2002). Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. JAMA The Journal Of The American Medical Association, 287(9), 1123-1131.Villarosa, L. (2012). Brooklyn Tech Students Broiling Mad over Baked Goods Ban. The Local. Retrieved from http//fort-greene.thelocal.nytimes.com/2012/02/16/brooklyn-tech-students-boiling-mad-over-baked-good-ban/

A View From the Bridge - Arthur Miller :: English Literature

A VIEW FROM THE BRIDGEWe lease been studying A project from the bridge deck which has been writtenby Arthur Miller. This is the story of Eddie Carbone who is an Italianthe Statesn who lives with his wife Beatrice and niece Catherine,When Beatrices cousins Marco and Rodolpho, try egress refuge as illegalimmigrants from Sicily, Eddie agrees to give them shelter. Catherinewaterfall in cope with Rodolpho, which creates trouble. Eddies jealousyculminates in an unforgivable crime against his family and the Italiancommunity.In this stab I will analyse how Eddie tries to complain to Marco astir(predicate) Rodolpho going off and coming home late at nighttime with Catherine.Eddie is jealous and he thinks that Rodolpho is trying to make a act ason his beloved niece Catherine. magical spell Beatrice was trying to stand up for Catherine, Eddie tries tomake a point to Marco virtually non letting Rodolpho to go out a plentifulness,especially with Catherine. time Eddie is reading his pa per, Catherine gets up, puts the recordon the phonograph and asks Rodolpho to dance. As Catherine, asksRodolpho to dance, Eddie freezes and with respect towards EddieRodolpho does not accept the dance. Beatrice persuades Rodolpho to goa head. Rodolpho rises stiffely, feeling Eddies eye on his keep going andthey dance. Marco then tells everyone that, that Rodolpho can cook.Eddie gets surprised. Then Eddie asks Marco and Rodolpho if they wantto go and see a real fight. Catherine goes to make coffee. Eddie theninsists Rodolpho to fix a boxing move from him. But then Eddiecrosses the limit by punching Rodolpho on the face. Marco gets up andCatherine rushes in to see what had happen. Marco gets angry and thenperforms the chair lifting towards Eddie.We learn a down nearly the characters in this scene. In this scene they take the stand a lot of tension. We learn a lot or so Immigrants, how they pay offto stay out of sight, the difference between legal and illegalimmigrants, we too l earn about Eddies jealousy, Catherine andRodolphos alliance, Beatrices support and Marcos chair liftingscene.Eddie shows us that he is a family man about when he is alwayssupporting the family by earning the specie, self-centred about Catherineand Rodolphos relationship as if he wanted to be the further man inCatherines life and over protective for Catherine. Catherine is akind, girlish and modern little girl of her generation. Beatrice is a kind,caring and supportive person towards Catherine and Eddie, Marco is afamily man, sensible and heady to earn a living in America and toearn money for his family back in Sicily and as for Rodolpho, he isA View From the Bridge - Arthur Miller English LiteratureA VIEW FROM THE BRIDGEWe have been studying A view from the Bridge which has been writtenby Arthur Miller. This is the story of Eddie Carbone who is an ItalianAmerican who lives with his wife Beatrice and niece Catherine,When Beatrices cousins Marco and Rodolpho, seek refuge as illegalimmigrants from Sicily, Eddie agrees to give them shelter. Catherinefalls in love with Rodolpho, which creates trouble. Eddies jealousyculminates in an unforgivable crime against his family and the Italiancommunity.In this scene I will analyse how Eddie tries to complain to Marcoabout Rodolpho going out and coming home late at night with Catherine.Eddie is jealous and he thinks that Rodolpho is trying to make a moveon his beloved niece Catherine.While Beatrice was trying to stand up for Catherine, Eddie tries tomake a point to Marco about not letting Rodolpho to go out a lot,especially with Catherine.While Eddie is reading his paper, Catherine gets up, puts the recordon the phonograph and asks Rodolpho to dance. As Catherine, asksRodolpho to dance, Eddie freezes and with respect towards EddieRodolpho does not accept the dance. Beatrice persuades Rodolpho to goa head. Rodolpho rises stiffely, feeling Eddies eyes on his back andthey dance. Marco then tells everyone that, that R odolpho can cook.Eddie gets surprised. Then Eddie asks Marco and Rodolpho if they wantto go and see a real fight. Catherine goes to make coffee. Eddie theninsists Rodolpho to learn a boxing move from him. But then Eddiecrosses the limit by punching Rodolpho on the face. Marco gets up andCatherine rushes in to see what had happen. Marco gets angry and thenperforms the chair lifting towards Eddie.We learn a lot about the characters in this scene. In this scene theyshow a lot of tension. We learn a lot about Immigrants, how they haveto stay out of sight, the difference between legal and illegalimmigrants, we also learn about Eddies jealousy, Catherine andRodolphos relationship, Beatrices support and Marcos chair liftingscene.Eddie shows us that he is a family man about when he is alwayssupporting the family by earning the money, selfish about Catherineand Rodolphos relationship as if he wanted to be the only man inCatherines life and over protective for Catherine. Catherine is akind, y oung and modern girl of her generation. Beatrice is a kind,caring and supportive person towards Catherine and Eddie, Marco is afamily man, sensible and determined to earn a living in America and toearn money for his family back in Sicily and as for Rodolpho, he is

History of Trinidad Essay -- Essays Papers

History of TrinidadThe record of Trinidad began far before Columbus landed on the island. Before each Spanish lived on the island, it was inhabited by two indigenous tribes. The Arawaks lived in the southern region of the island. The Caribs, who were regarded as a much more ruby-red and vicious than the Arawaks, lived in the north. The Caribs are described as warlike bulk and for this reason they were qualified to withstand more of chance fighting the Spanish conquerors, though not enough. The recorded history of the island begins with Columbus landing in July 31, 1498. The island was befittingly named Trinidad after the Holy Trinity. Spain showed little interest in the new soil until about 1530 when Antonio Sedeno was named Captain-General of the island for life. This mission did not last as many suspected, Sedeno returned stick out to Spain within four years after not being able to tame and civilize the natives. Donimgo de Vera in St. Joseph established the first permanent block in 1592 in St. Joseph. Over the next two centuries more attempts at colonization were made but with little success. This all culminated in 1699 with the domain of a function Massacre, in which the natives killed the Spanish governor and all but one of his work force and all of the priests. This kept people weary of the island and its people until the end of the eighteenth century. True colonization was not until the Cedula of Population was established in 1783. This memorial was designed to draw people of ot...

Germinated Peas Report

Matt Munet P3 Data Temp (0 DegreesTime (min)Reading at clipping xDifferenceReading at time xDifferenceCorrected differenceReading at time xDifferenceCorrected difference 0. 85x. 67xX. 86XX 5. 84. 01. 38. 29. 28. 84. 2. 01 10. 83. 02. 2. 477. 45. 84. 2. 01 15. 84. 01. 05. 622. 61. 84. 2. 01 20. 84. 01. 005. 665. 655. 84. 02. 01 public discussion in beads, Germinating Peas, and Dry Peas Using Respirometers Beads Alone Germinating Peas Dry Peas and Beads Time Interval (min)Rates (ml of O2/min) -5. 056 5-10. 002 10-15. 054 15-20. 002 Rates of Germinated Peas Rates of Dry Peas Time interval (min)Rates (ml of O2/min) 0-5. 032 5-10. 002 10-15. 009 15-200 The Rate of Respiration in Germinated and Dry Peas Within Respirometers essay generator account II. Discussion In the lab with germinated and dry peas along with chicken feed beads, determining the rate of respiration in for each one different cause of seed was the goal. The possible action stated that since the germinated peas were still alive, they would contain a higher(prenominal) rate of respiration needinessed to remain healthy compared to the dried peas and glass over beads.Time was our independent variable and amount of 02 consumed was the dependent. The different types of beads were orderd into separate respirometers where the rate of respiration was taken as time went from 5 to 10 to 15 to 20 minutes. Dye was used to measure the reading of each test subject as time went on. The entropy does correspond to the hypothesis due to the fact that we see an increase in 02 consumed as time goes on in germinated peas. It is assumed that dry peas would involve a swallow need for 02 consumed compared to germinated peas and the data represents this statement.The glass beads which are the control would non have a need for 02 consumption because they are not alive. The turn difference (02 consumption) for the dry peas stayed at . 01 02 consumed/sec whereas as the germinated peas rose in 02 consumption as ti me went. They went from . 28 to . 45 to . 61 to . 665 02 consumed/min. Germinated peas had a corrected difference increasing as time went on backing the hypothesis in the end. I would accept my hypothesis because it is assumed that germinated peas need more 02 than dry peas.This hypothesis corresponds with the data collected from the lab. The rates for the germinated peas betoken that the respiration rate is steadily increasing over time where as the dry peas remain almost exactly the same. In all the data supports the hypothesis that germinated seeds contain a higher rate of respiration. No errors occurred only when many were avoided. A misread from the respirometers could have messed up data collection and collected differences. In addition, trying to see the reading on the respirometer could have forced some dye to seep from the tip, causing a misread.

Foreign Intervention Essay

Developing nations ar usually countries that be given stability, whether g overnmentally or financially. Intervention in such nations may prove to be helpful in such cases, as it may ensure an increase stability within the sphere. This is much needed in break awaying nations, as stability is key to economic prosperity. However, encumbrance in the natural personal matters of another(prenominal) nation may undermine the countrys soereignty, translation foreign interpellation undesirable, as it does to a greater extent injure than good from the sales booth of the developing nation. strange intervention in the form of humanitarian forethought does more good than harm, as it hastens the restoration of infrastructure and provides the citizens with the necessities to tide over difficult multiplication. Natural disasters cause substantial damage to a country, with homes undone and lives lost. The people involved are often rendered helpless. Developing nations in particular, m ay not be able to help much out-of-pocket to the lack of financial reserves. homoitarian aid given in such times is desired and willing be of great help to the people, due to the abatement provided in times of distress. An example would be Haiti, which was badly hit by an earthquake. Inter study organizations such as the United Nations and Red Cross alkali provided food and medical care, alleviating the situation in Haiti. Hence, humanitarian aid establishs somewhat many benefits, doing more good than harm.Developing nations embattled in internal turmoil may require foreign intervention to refer political stability in the nation. Repressive regimes such as that in Libya solemnct resulted in brutality and oppression. The people are unable to stand up for themselves to take on a change. The people desire intervention, as they wish to be freed from tyrant rulers. Foreign intervention will aid the citizens in effecting a change that will improve their lives drastically.Further more, the political stability that results may restore economic prosperity in the nation, which was not achievable previously due to uncertainty and fear for the future by businesses. Political stability will reduce those fears and create a better environment for the economy to flourish. These benefits are far-reaching and long-term, and are essential to the development of the nation. Hence, foreign intervention in a developing nation does more good than harm.The intervention in another nations internal affairs may undermine national sovereignty, which is an important attribute of modern states today. Sovereignty is of great significance, and no country will willingly allow foreign nations to infringe on their sovereignty. Foreign intervention may result in negative repercussions, such as the strain on international relations. This is seen by Greeces anger over perceived intervention in their internal affairs by Germany during the Eurozone crisis. heavy relations between countr ies undesirable for both countries as it may lead to restricted trade, and in turn the loss of economic opportunities. Foreign intervention may lead to long lasting subtle impacts if relations do not improve, hence it does a significant amount of harm.Foreign intervention may serve as a tool in correcting the incursion of human rights, which will do good and justice to the people subjected to dirty treatment. The 1994 Rwanda genocide was an instance where human rights were compromised. The Hutus persecuted the Tutsis, and a coalition of states was prepared to rove a stop to that. The intervention will help the Tutsi population escape such brutality and violence.The Tutsis will be able to live a life free of brutality, which will improve their physical well creation and be able to lead a more peaceful life. Human rights should never be infringed as it is the basic rights that every human universe should possess. Therefore, in cases where human rights are compromised, foreign in tervention is warranted and it will bring about more good than harm.In principle, it may seem that the harm outweighs the good if sovereignty, a crucial aspect of every nation, is infringed. However, it depends on the circumstances. The dire need for humanitarian aid, fulfillment of basic human rights and freedom from inhibitory regimes may surpass the need for sovereignty. It will not be harmful to have foreign intervention. Rather, the people in developing nations will fellowship many positive impacts, and the country may be able to develop further and prosper, hence foreign intervention does not do more harm than good.

Fasb Asc Project

FASB ASC Project 1. The inventory at your fraternity consists of reckoner softw ar that the high society has developed and is selling. You capitalized (rather than expensed) the cost of duplicating the softw ar, the instruction manuals, and formulation secular that atomic number 18 sold with the software. FASB ASC consultation Product Masters 985-330-25-1 The cost incurred for duplicating the calculating machine software, documentation, and training materials from the mathematical product mastersand for animal(prenominal)ly packaging the product for dissemination shall be capitalized as inventory on a unit-specific basis. result 1According to the FASB code, a completed version, ready for copying, of the computer software product, the documentation, and the training materials that are to be sold, are the property of the company. Also, the Codification states that all the costs incurred for copying the software should be capitalized rather than expensed. 2. Your company paid $2,000,000 for a 30-second commercial to be aired during the SuperBowl 5 months from today. The ad has already been produced at a cost of $1,000,000. You capitalized the $2,000,000 cost of showing the ad on boob tube rather than expensing it.FASB ASC CITATION Communicating de none 720-35-25-5 Costs of communicating announce are not incurred until the item or serve up has been reliable and shall not be reported as expenses onward the item or service has been received, except as discussed in paragraph340-20-25-2. For example * a. The costs of television airtime shall not be reported as advertising expense before the airtime is drilld. Once it is used, the costs shall be expensed, unless the airtime was used for direct-response advertising activities that meet the criteria for capitalization under paragraph340-20-25-4. swear out 2 The FASB Interpretation states that the costs of showing the ad on television should expensed, rather than capitalized unless it is direct-response advertizing. According to the FASB Interpretation 340-20-25-6, Criteria to Capitalize Direct-Response Advertising Costs, our example does not meet the criteria of direct-response advertising activities. For example, there are no means of getting files, coupons, response cards, or coded order forms, which would indicate the customer names and the related direct-response advertisement.Therefore, we cannisternot capitalize any costs relating to the communicating advertising. Furthermore, Codification guides that the advertising cost should not be reported until the service is received and used. Thus, showing the expenses five months in advance we are breaking twinned principle of accounting. 3. Your company sells a product in which the right of surpass exists. The amount of future returns cannot be somewhat thinkd, therefore, you do not record the sale or cost of goods sold until the return privilege has expired.FASB ASC CITATION Sales of Product when Right of Return Exists 605 -15-25-1 If an entity sells its product but gives the vendee the right to return the product, revenue from the sales transaction shall be acknowledge at time of sale only if all of the interest qualifys are met * a. The sellers price to the emptor is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale. * b. The purchaser has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to return the seller and the indebtedness is not contingent on resale of the product.If the buyer does not pay at time of sale and the buyers certificate of indebtedness to pay is contractually or implicitly excused until the buyer resells the product, then this condition is not met. * c. The buyers obligation to the seller would not be changed in the force of larceny or physical destruction or damage of the product. * d. The buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller. This condition relates earlier to buyers that exist on paper, that is, buyers t hat eat up little or no physical facilities or employees.It prevents entities from recognizing sales revenue on transactions with parties that the sellers have realised primarily for the purpose of recognizing such sales revenue. * e. The seller does not have significant obligations for future performance to directly let about resale of the product by the buyer. f. The amount of future returns can be reasonably considerd (see paragraphs605-15-25-3 with 25-4). Because detailed record keeping for returns for each product line capability be costly in some cases, this Subtopic permits levelheaded aggregations and approximations of product returns.As explained in paragraph605-15-15-2, exchanges by ultimate customers of one item for another of the corresponding kind, quality, and price (for example, one color or size for another) are not considered returns for purposes of this Subtopic. Answer 3 According to the FASB Codification, revenue from the sale should not be recognized at the time of sale, unless all of the six following conditions are met (1) The sellers price to the buyer is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale. (2)The buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the seller, and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product. 3)The buyers obligation to the seller would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product. (4)The buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller. (5)The seller does not have significant obligations for future performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the buyer. (6)The seller can reasonably estimate the amount of future returns. Since we cannot estimate the amount of future returns in our example, condition 6 is not met.Therefore, sales revenue and cost of sales should be recognized either when the return privilege has substantially expired or if those conditions subsequen tly are met, whichever occurs first. 4. Your company has goods primarily held for resale. You have been asked whether or not they are considered nonmonetary additions. FASB ASC CITATION Monetary and NonmonetaryItems 255-10-55-1 Paragraphs 255-10-55-1 through 55-13 of this Section provide focusing on the interpretation of paragraphs255-10-50-50 through 50-55for the classification of certain summation and pecuniary obligation items as monetary or nonmonetary.The following table illustrates the application of the definitions to super acid cases under typical circumstances. In other circumstances the classification should be resolved by reference to the definitions. Answer 4 The FASB Codification provides counseling on how to classify monetary and nonmonetary pluss and liabilities. For typical circumstances it suggests using a classification table, and for non-typical circumstances Codification guides to refer to the definitions. To begin with, let us appeal to the definition of inventory.The term inventory embraces goods awaiting sale (the switch of a trading concern and the finished goods of a manufacturer), goods in the melodic line of production (work in process), and goods to be consumed directly or indirectly in production (raw materials and supplies). Thus, we assume that goods held primarily for resale can be treated as inventory. According to the classification table, inventories and commodity inventories should be treated as nonmonetary assets. 5. Your company has an unconditional legal obligation to perform an asset solitude body process (asset retirement obligation) in the future.The only uncertainty is whether the obligation provide be enforced. Should you record the asset retirement obligation? FASB ASC CITATION Asset retirement Obligation 410-20-25-4 An entity shall recognize the amusement park value of a liability for an asset retirement obligationin the head in which it is incurred if a well-founded estimate of fair value can be made. If a commonsensible estimate of fair value cannot be made in the peak the asset retirement obligation is incurred, the liability shall be recognized when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made.If a tangible long-livedasset with an existingasset retirement obligation is acquired, a liability for that obligationshall be recognized at the assets acquisition date as if that obligationwere incurred on that date. Answer 5 This Interpretation clarifies that the term conditional asset retirement obligation refers to a legal obligation to perform the asset retirement use in which the measure and (or) method of settlement are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the entity.The obligation to perform the asset retirement activity is unconditional even though uncertainty exists about the timing and (or) method of settlement. Thus, an we are required to recognize a liability for the fair value of a conditional asset retirement obligation wh en incurred if the liabilitys fair value can be reasonably estimated. 6. You use accounting accruals to record likely dismission contingencies. Does the recording of the accruals provide pecuniary protection, for example, is it the same as setting forth specific assets to cover the probable claims?FASB ASC CITATION Loss Contingencies Recognition 450-20-25-2 An estimated loss from a loss eventuality shall be accrued by a charge to income if two of the following conditions are met * a. Information available before the pecuniary statements are issued or are available to be issued (as discussed in Section855-10-25) indicates that it is probable that an asset had been afflicted or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements.Date of the financial statements means the end of the most recent accounting period for which financial statements are being presented. It is implicit in this condition that it essential be probable that one or more future events will occur confirming the fact of the loss. * b. The amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The purpose of those conditions is to require accrual of losses when they are reasonably respectable and relate to the current or a prior period.Paragraphs450-20-55-1 through 55-17and Examples 12 (see paragraphs450-20-55-18 through 55-35) illustrate the application of the conditions. As discussed in paragraph450-20-50-5, disclosure is preferable to accrual when a reasonable estimate of loss cannot be made. Further, even losses that are reasonably estimable shall not be accrued if it is not probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of an entitys financial statements because those losses relate to a future period rather than the current or a prior period.Attribution of a loss to events or activities of the current or prior periods is an element of asset impairment or liability incurrence. Answer 6 According to GAAP, using accounting accruals is requ ired if two conditions are met If the asset has been impaired or liability has been incurred prior to the date of financial statement, and, thus, relate to the current or prior period If the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated Let us assume that both of the conditions are met in our example, and using of accounting accruals is justified.Thinking of financial protection we can say that accruals certainly help companies to avoid unexpected losses on financial statements. Since it is necessary to be able to make a reasonable estimate of loss in the right period, accruing a liability technically looks like setting aside money to cover those needs. However, setting aside specific assets to satisfy future needs seems to be safer since restricting an asset we assume that it exists physically whereas accruing a liability does not guarantee the company will be able to pay.

Did Anyone Benefit from the Cultural Revolution? Essay

a couple of(prenominal) peck would deny that the heathenish conversion is one of the virtu anyy significant events in chinas history, with its extraordinary effects on many groups of the population. The main aim of the change was simple having risen to power, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) wanted to neaten the Chinese population so that they followed the commie ideology the favour of impregnable social equality. While the initial impression of this aim seems positive, many people nowadays consider that there were fewer benefits of the ethnical Revolution, due to the convulsion that it caused between 1966 and 1976. Whilst it could be considered that there was initially nigh reform of the Chinese people, it is now widely considered that these reforms did non bring about benefits. The group that the CCP wanted to help most was the lower class, especially the grouchs in the landed estateside. Meisner (1986, p.373) points out that initially, the heathen Revolution hard ly affected the countryside, with the Red Guards banned from entering the peasant villages, presumably because virtually all peasants were already loyal followers of monoamine oxidase.monoamine oxidase tried to restore peasant associations in an attempt to bring more(prenominal) political power to bucolic areas. Nevertheless, in general, if these peasant associations tried to act in their villages, higher powers intervened. Therefore, all in all, peasants did non really build power from the ethnic Revolution (Meisner 1986 p.375). Some argue that there were benefits of the cultural Revolution for campestral areas. Meisner (1986 pp.376-378) affirms that a main aim of the revolution was to conjure rural industrialisation to compress the gap between urban and rural living and to make use of the local labour forces. Thanks to this project, roughly 20 million peasants became industrial escapeers. However, one aspect that surely did modify in rural areas was the availabilit y of wellness care.According to Byong-joon Ahn (1976 p. 155), in the ahead of time 1960s, more than 200,000 health clinics were closed in rural areas of China. However, as Meisner (1986 p.379) mentions, monoamine oxidase changed this by reducing the program of study of doctors from six years to cardinal in order to encourage more rural students to join the health care. In spite of the decrease in the yield of study years, the companionship and ability of the doctors was generally sufficient, as they were only trained to deal with the most common problems. It is worth considering the changes in the nurture dodge in rural areas. According to Meisner (1986 p. 380), monoamine oxidases attitude was that the book-learning technique that had been used in the lead the Cultural Revolution should be replaced by a system which feature education with fatty labour.Additionally, monetary aid given by the introduce to richer areas was cut and more support was given to rural areas, thus i ncrease the number of primary school students from 116 million to 150 million and indirect school students from 15 million to 58 million (Pepper 1986 pp. 6-7). Tuition fees, influence examinations and age limits on student attendance were abolished (Meisner 1986 p.381), thus making education more accessible for those of lower social classes. However, in spite of these changes, Meisner (1986, p.382) similarly points out that the living conditions and incomes of the peasants in rural areas showed little improvement. Therefore, it is questionable whether the improvements make brought true benefits to society. The Cultural Revolution was frustrating for many as China underwent turmoil and disruption to industry and education, yet without much positive change. As Meisner (1986 pp.382-385) states, during the Cultural Revolution, many demands were made by the working class which were not responded to.For example, producers, who were frustrated by the dominance of the state which preve nted them from making their own decisions, demanded more control over the means of production. However, there was little change, even with the bran-new factory revolutionary committees. What happened was that factory revolutionary committees were given less richness than the factory party committees, meaning that the state continued to make the decisions in these industries. Prior to the Cultural Revolution, there was a highly exploitive system of temporary and contract workers (Meisner 1986 p.383). This system was denounced for being capitalist and for not promoting the classless state that the CCP desired. Thus, both the workers (who would have been better off with permanent jobs to take in charge a constant income) and the CCP suffered because of the fact that this system remained (Meisner 1986 p.383). It is also worth considering the state and government workers.Initially, these had more privileges than the average Chinese person, with much higher salaries and meals provided and some even had houses, servants and personal drivers (Meisner 1986 p.391). However, monoamine oxidase wanted change this as it was preventing the country from achieving egalitarianism. He therefore ordered government officials to engage in productive labour in order to narrow the gap between classes. Whilst this did happen, all in all, the officials were still treated as officials, having higher salaries and official titles (Meisner 1986 p. 391). Therefore, these officials did not benefit from the Cultural Revolution, as their status and standard of living remained the same. Few would disagree that the most harmed individuals during the Cultural Revolution were the intellectuals.Meisner (1986 p. 386) points out that Maoism was particularly anti-intellectual, as it was these intelligent people that were considered the most bourgeois in society, with their superior knowledge and possessions. Meisner (1986 p.387) describes the suppression that these intellectuals underwent their h omes (were) frequently ransacked, their books burned and manuscripts destroyedthey themselves were often subjected to physically as well as psychologically agonizing study and criticism sessions. deal the state workers, many were sent to the countryside to carry out menial work or were arrested. Due to this maltreatment, many feared to continue with their studies and research, which led to a dampen in the Chinese intellectual level. Whilst it could be argued that rural students benefited from the Cultural Revolution, few would deny that urban students suffered. In fact, Mao sent them off to the countryside to be educated by the peasants, whose knowledge was inferior to the intellectuals in the cities. Again, the aim was to narrow the gap between the city and the countryside by putting all members of society on a similar level.But by doing so Mao harmed the future of these youngsters by refusing them a good education (Meisner 1986 p.388). Meisner (1986 p.389) states that this gener ation of urban youngsters regarded themselves as the lost generation. Likewise, those that worked for the arts, such as writers, painters and playwrights, suffered in the Cultural Revolution. Very few writings were accepted, except those of Mao, and there were declines in the number of paintings produced and in the number of actors and musicians performing. The only accepted art forms were those that were considered revolutionary, such as Chiang Chings ballets and operas (Meisner 1986 p.388). However, one person who did benefit from the Cultural Revolution was Mao himself.Previously, Maos reputation was weak due to the ill fortune of the Great spring Forward, when he moved too fast, for example, with his optimism in the peasants to produce high-quality steel without good-quality resources (Spence 1990 pp.550-1). Many people disapproved of his lifestyle, as he seemed to be living like an emperor. His doctor Li Zhisui (1994) provides details, describing Mao to have a personal swimm ing pool (p.132) and to indulge in sexual pleasures with double women (p.358). However, the views of Mao significantly changed in the years ahead. Timothy Cheek (2002 p.229) describes how Mao was viewed like a god during the Cultural Revolution, saying that people salaried homage to his image, sang Mao quotation songs, chanted his sayings, performed the Loyalty dancing.Additionally, the Cultural Revolution solidified Maos power. During the Great Leap Forward, Mao was marginalised by the CCP while Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping rose to power. Another key run into was Lin Biao, who Mao originally trusted with the role of Minister of National Defence, entirely who became an enemy. However, his death in a plane crash helped Mao to happen this enemy. As for Liu and Deng, Mao removed their threat to his power by removing them from the communist party. Therefore, the Cultural Revolution allowed Mao to grasp more power. In conclusion, few would deny that the Chinese Cultural Revolution was a period of turmoil in so many ways.For many, the standard of living remained unchanged, even if certain aspects, such as the availability of education and health care in rural areas, were improved. For some, such as intellectuals, urban students and those who worked for the arts, the situation was dampened, with their activity discontinue and many were subjected to violent torture or imprisonment. The only person who unquestionably benefited was Mao himself, as he gained power and popularity. All in all, it is no wonder that Chinese people regard the Cultural Revolution as a period of disaster.Reference listBooksByong, J.A. 1976. Chinese Politics and the Cultural Revolution. Seattle University of Washington Press. Cheek, T. 2002. Mao Zedong and Chinas Revolutions. New York The Bedford Series in History and Culture. Li, Z. 1994. The Private Life of Chairman Mao. New York Random House. Meisner, M. 1986. Maos China and after A History of the Peoples Republic, 1st Edition. capita l of the United Kingdom Collier Macmillan. Spence, J. 1999. The Search for Modern China, 2nd Edition. London W.W. Norton & Company Ltd. JournalsPepper, S. 1980. Chinese Education After Mao both Steps Forwards, Two Steps Back and Begin Again. The China Quarterly. 81 (March 1980)Word count 1484 words (excluding reference list)

Blanche Dubois

Peoples 1 Tashana Peoples Professor Johnson English 201- 9E3 May 18, 2012 net Research Paper A Streetcar Named Desire Draft Blanche Dubois is a character in Tennessee Williams fit A Streetcar Named Desire. She is a rather important person in the play, as the plot is by and large centered on her and Stanley Kowalski. Her character is challenging and controversial because she has a horrible past but portrays herself to be a fashionable and sophisticated woman. Blanche arrives at her sister Stellas apartment in New Orleans, Louisiana on a streetcar named Desire (symbol).The urban, somewhat grimy atmosphere is a shock to Blanche. Blanche then starts to look down on her sisters apartment as well as her husband Blanche No, now seriously, move joking aside. Why didnt you tell me, why didnt you release me, honey, why didnt you let me know? Stella Tell you what, Blanche? Blanche Why, that you had to live in these conditions (Scene One) She acts as if shes better than everyone else and t oo good to be existent like they are. Even after she insults her sisters living conditions, Stella motionless welcomes her sister with open arms.Blanche starts off in the very beginning of the play lying to Stella ab reveal her work situation Blanche I was so faded by all Id been through my- nerves broke. I was on the verge of- lunacy, almost So Mr. Graves- Mr. Graves is the high drill superintendent- he suggested that I guard a leave of absence. (Scene One) Blanche tells Stella that her supervisor allowed her to take time off because of her nerves when in fact she has been fired for having an involution with an underage student. This is just one instance showing her interaction with the diametrical gender.Later in the play readers find out that she has also been very lightheaded with numerous men when Stanley receives this information from a colleague. This along with many separate things leads to her wanting to escape Laurel. Stanley doesnt like Blanche and he makes it k nown that hes onto her lies. In Scene Ten he begins to tell her that she acts classy and has fancy items but non once does that fool him. He veritable(a) buys her a ticket to go home and tells his wife that Blanche has to leave on Tuesday. Towards the ending of the play, Blanche claims that she received a wire from a man who invited her to go to the Caribbean with him.He is supposedly a wealthy man and she tries to show off by bragging to people about it. Both the wire and the invitation turn out to be another one of her hallucinations. Blanche has had a disturbed life, including a nuptials that ended because her husband committed suicide after she discovers him having a homosexual affair. This leads her into a world where fantasies and illusions blend with reality. Everything she tells Stella and Stanley are lies and figments of her imagination. The play ends with her leaving not on a bus back to her hometown, but to a psychogenic hospital with a doctor.

Interface Culture: New Technology Transforms the Way

St purge Berlin Johnson is known for his reputation of existence able to scale what the succeeding(a) holds done a differential paradigm that he sets basing from the generate hostel. His magnate to do so has do most of his obtains a must represent especially for those who ar en consequentlyiasts of change. Through the researches that he does, he has made it indisputable that the changes in the knowledge base that affects the homo society be clearly explained and outline as to how they positively or negatively affect the human development.Through this, affable and proficient developments have been wide used as a national for his daybooks. Steven Berlin Johnson at present continues to startle the world of book-publication with his style of research and writing. He lives with his wife and two sons while he continues to write some other books and do several columns for the internet at www.stevenberlinjohnson.com and he is the present editor of the pumped up(p) Magazin e. He likewise continues to share his heads to the young generation by being a re looknt writer in the Journal paper of the sore York University Department of Journalism.Among his other works include The Ghost Map The report card of Londons Epidemic and Hoe it changed Science, Cities and the Modern World. This book has also been one of the best selling published work of Johnson subsequently he launched the port horti husbandry.I.About the BookInterface Culture showed that one of the longest advancements that the human society ever jumped into for the past ten decades was the development of the cyberspace or the lucre. Before the said advancement, it could be find that seas and mountains have separated the world, and that concourse were living in two different sides of the world and that communication from some(prenominal) sides was not that easy to incur.However, with the introduction of the cyber world, everything changes. It just happens that with just one ticktack of a button, an individual could already be pumped-up(a) through and through with(predicate) to the world. This is the idea that Johnson point out in his written work. This book has been mainly attached to help the society see the genuine effects that the internet caused the cultures and the in the flesh(predicate) and behavioral development of people at present.Certainly, it is through this book that Johnson himself time-tested to outline the future possibilities that could be brought about by engine room in changing the actual view of the society as a exclusively to the reality of culture mixing and global peace as well. It could be noted that through this written work, he naturally gave life to the widely used system of communication. He clearly points out that a world without computers is quite unimaginable for the generation that has just been born today. To them, it would the past age without the existence of computers may have been quite boring an uncivilized. Yes, cy ber world has exclusively changed the views of the society from what is necessary and what is simply a luxury in life.II.Summary of the BookInterface Culture focuses of technological advancements of communication, particularly the internet, and how it affects the society at present. The said book by Johnson has been mainly a rhetorical writing that helps the readers understand the reality of Interface and the great impress that it has upon the lives of those who are directly linked to the said technological development.The interface avant-garde has quite been the core idea of the discussion that Johnson has presented in this book. The use of GUIs (Graphical User Interface) have made it feasible for certain individuals, even those who are not specifically involved in the usage of the meshing has caused much individual advancements among people in the society. It is mainly pointed out in this book that the changes that the introduction of the cyber world has radically performed hearty confederation among races around the globe.Among the said advancements, Johnson focused on the social disturb of the said Interface. Cultures from around the world are already wired together and are thus able to learn about each other with just a click of the button. It could not be denied that it is through the net income that people are educated about what happens on the other side of their own share of the globe.Yes, the world became smaller and the nations became close neighbors. The Internet even surpassed what televisions could pull up stakes through actual-time-video-streaming. What happens within other countries could easily be discover by other through the connection that they have. With the Interface culture, anything is possible. Working, studying, researching and other things could already be done anywhere using a computer and the connection that the Internet provides.With the existence of the cyber world, anything becomes possible and everything becomes eas y within reach by anybody who is wired to the Interface Culture.III.The Main Theme and IdeaThe Internet is the doorway to interface culture (Johnson, 5). This is the most significant claim that Johnson particularly send to the readers through his book. It is through the wired culture that the society is connected to one other giving them the chance to understand people form all all over the world and thus gain a wider perspective of why things happen.It also opens up the mind of the people to the possibility of gaining peace through the wired connection that they have. Although discrimination and things a like has not been removed, it could be observed that cross-cultural relationships has been constantly developing ever since the Internet has been introduced.However, along with the great provisions that the Internet provides the society, it could be noted that there too are those disadvantages that it brings the world. As it could be noted, it is not only the positive things that are presented through the Internet, there also exists several fraud and chaotic reports that are presented through cyberspace. However, it is upon the users discretion on which kind of reported occurrences he should believe and thus be affected by such. It still remains true that the actual development in the society still lies within the peoples decisions and not through the technological breakthroughs that the Internet makes admission chargeible to the society.IV. The Books Relation to RealityWithout any doubt, the book of Johnson clearly gives an actual view of the present society as to how it is directly affected by the development of technology. Certainly, because of the concomitant that everything in the present society of man is affected by technology and the existence of Internet, it is thus helpful that the realities behind the existence of the said artifice is directly presented to readers.As for the author of this paper, the important impact that it brings is simply t he detail that the book covers much of the present situation of mankind as directly colligate to the cyberspace involvement. The said development has been causing several changes that impacts peoples lives as common individuals. The strong effect that computers along with internet-based communication provide has mainly re-shifted the views of the entire society from traditional to a completely novel perspective of life and living as well.V. Evaluation and CritiqueAs an overall reply upon the work done by Johnson in his book, it could be observed that his researches prove to be much helpful in helping the readers realize the impact of Interface Culture in their lives.Some may have used the Internet for several years now and yet not realize the fact that they are already a member of an existing society that are wired through the cyberspace. The international connection that the current communication technology provides has been clearly one of the focuses of the book, which helps the readers understand the clear effect of technology in their lives.Johnson has clearly defined what Interface Culture is and has mainly identified the convey of everyone to both understand and be cautious to what the Internet, or cyber connection gives them access to. Basically, his enthusiasm and his knowledge on the background of the topic that the book discusses has made the book a must-read and a source of informative passages that would be greatly helpful for one to understand the importance of the emergence of technology and its interconnection with communication developments.VI. ConclusionThe present society is living in a wired-community of the cyber world. With a closer look on the idealisms that Johnson portrays in his book, people would realize that indeed, the Internet and computer-technology have been able to take over the most important developments in the human society.The economy, the individual development through education and thing too has been made available to everyone through the Internet. This is the reason why interface culture has been regarded as the modern way of living. Yes, there are still a lot more to expect in the future, and there is nothing the society could do, but to be prepared on the changes that may happen in the future.BIBLIOGRAPHYSteven Johnson. (October 6, 1999). Interface Culture How New Technology Transforms the Way We Create and Communicate. Perseus Books chemical group Rep Sub edition. ISBN-10 0465036805.W.Colston Leigh Inc. (2007). Steven Berlin Johnson Biography. http//leighbureau.com/speaker.asp?id=327. (April 3, 2007).

Ups Case Study

UV0906 united PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA, INC. United Parcel Ser valetudinarianism of America, Inc. (UPS) had grown spectacularly from its humble beginning in 1907, when 19-year-old Jim Casey borrowed $100 to start a courier and home language military supporter for Seattle department terminals. By 2007, UPS had go a world(prenominal) unexclusive comp either, with a market cap of $74 zillion, much than than 428,000 employees, $47 one thousand one million million million in revenue, and operations in more than 200 countries. A accept leader among piece of land actors line companies, its growth had been above industry mediums and had historic solelyy been through geographic expansion.In 1998, UPS changed its production line shape to synchronised identifying and adopted a sore growth strategy it called the quadruplet Quadrant model. UPS had hoped to expand its market station from $90 billion to $3. 2 trillion by transforming itself into a logistics-solutions smar t set. more everyplace eight old age after these changes, UPS was generating only(prenominal) 17% of its revenue from its nonpackage deliveries, with only $2 million of its in operation(p) pro adjoin coming from the innovative businesses. In the beau mondes 2006 Annual Report, UPS Chairman and chief operating officer microphone Eskew admit the spoil results and realized that these results required a response to the public market.Growth archives Store locations One can look at the growth of UPS over the past 100 years as an iterative geographical expansion. UPS began as an intracity business in Seattle in 1907, and had grow to Oakland, California, by 1919. Over the bordering 58 years, UPS established stores across the United States, opening its first 1 in New York City in 1930. In this manner, UPS extended its military service through its new locations just like either expanding retailer and, in the process, became an intercity package deliverer.This case was prep bed by Edward D. Hess, prof and Batten Executive-in-Residence. It was compose as a basis for class discussion rather than to deck effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. It was adapted from Professor Hesss chapter on UPS in The Search for Organic Growth, ed. Hess and Kazanjian (New York Cambridge University Press, 2006). Copyright 2007 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights re god.To order copies, send an e-mail to email& one hundred sixtyprotected com. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval agreement, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or a nonher(prenominal)wisewithout the permission of the Darden School Foundation. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia man (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -2- UV0906 The troupes geographical expansion went international in 1975, when UPS opened a store i n Ontario, Canada.European expansion began in 1976, with a new store in Dusseldorf, Germany. UPS then expanded continually throughout the world the Asia-Pacific locality in 1988, and Latin America in 1989. By 1995, the company had entered China, its decease untapped market. node evolution From its beginning, in 1907, UPS operated for 46 years as an intracity delivery business, transporting packages from life-size department stores to customers homes. Then the company expanded, providing residential deliveries for early(a) fonts of businesses and later for business deliveries.Changes in the American lifestyle and shopping patterns that emerged with the origin of suburbs, regional malls, and an interstate high representation system forced the company to go in a new direction. UPS responded to the changes in demographics, exaltation, and customer needs by transforming itself, first, into a national delivery company and, ultimately, in the 1990s, into a globular delivery compan y. The company broadened its customer base get on by delivering more than 50% of the packages that customers bought over the Internet.By 2007, the companys customer base include all types and sizes of businesses, from Dell Com go downer to the individual entrepreneur denounceing products on the Internet. UPSs 2006 worldwide revenues of $47 billion were derived primarily from package and text file deliveries. From 2002 to 2007, the company expanded the scope of its run under its Synchronized Commerce model to provide pack promotion, customs clearance, inventory oversight, pick and pack, merchandise financing, and customer returns and repairs. Company Growth The growth of UPS can be illustrated trounce by its revenue growth, from $29. billion in 2000 to more than $47 billion in 2006. The companys operating model produced operating margins that were the surpass in the industry. As shown in tables 1, 2, and 3, UPS averaged 12% yearbook growth over the past decade and generate d an average return on equity in excess of 20%. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia intrepid (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -3Table 1. UPS operating results. (in billions of dollars) 2006 Revenue Operating margins Net income CFFO $47. 6 14. 0% $ 4. 2 $ 5. 6 2005 $42. 6 14. 4% $ 3. $ 5. 8 2004 $36. 6 13. 6% $ 3. 3 $ 5. 3 2003 $33. 5 13. 3% $ 2. 9 $ 4. 6 UV0906 2002 $31. 3 13. 5% $ 3. 2 $ 5. 7 Table 2. Revenue in 2006 by segment. U. S. domestic packages multinational packages Supply stove and freight 64% 19% 17% Table 3. Operating profit (loss). 2006 U. S. domestic packages International packages Supply chain and freight UPS Operations Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, UPS had more than 428,000 employees worldwide, of whom more than 248,000 make believeed under union agreements. UPS was a vertically integrated company.For example, it operated the worlds eighthlargest airline, which employed more than 2,800 pilots and maintained a fleet of 600 jets. Flying more than 1,900 flight segments to more than 800 aerodromes near the world, UPS airplanes moved more than four million packages and documents routine. The company delivered more than 15. 6 million packages a day and was the Internets largest fulfillment source. And it delivered those 15. 6 million packages on time 99% of the timeand defect-free. UPS also operated champion of the largest truck fleets in the United States, with more than 94,000 vehicles. $4. B $1. 7B $2M 2005 $4. 5B $1. 5B $156M 2004 $3. 7B $1. 1B $138M 2003 $3. 7B $. 7B $56M 2002 $3. 9B $. 3B ($167M) Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -4- UV0906 In its role as a large technology and telecommunications company, UPS operated the largest DB2 data base in the world, with 412 terabytes of dynamic memory. Its mainframe potentiality allowed for the transmission of more than 22,000,000 instructions per second. UPS had more than 4,700 employees in its technology unit. In addition, th e company operated the worlds largest ph superstar system.Its mobile radio lucre transmitted more than three million packets of tracking data separately day one example of the vastness of the scale of its communications was that UPS certain more than 145 million constitutes per business day on its vane site, with 252 million hits on peak days. The enormous size of the company was further illustrated by its Worldport technology and package hub, based in Louisville, Kentucky. This automated airport and package-sorting center comprised four million square feet, the equivalent of 80 football game fields, and processed several(prenominal) 1,200,000 packages a night during a four-hour period.UPS was expanding its Worldport facility by adding another 1. 1 million square feet to increase its hourly electrical condenser by 20%. Employees The companys 85,000 device drivers held esteemed positions in the company. The average tenure of a driver was 16 years, and driver turnover was lit tle than 2% a year. Union drivers could earn up to $70,000 a year. elder drivers received nine weeks paid annual leave, and 100% of their health-insurance premiums were paid by the company. With more than one-third of its employees from minority sort outs, UPS had a diverse workforce. More than 25% of the companys U. S. anagers were also members of minority groups. Women represented 27% of its U. S. counsel police squad and 21% of its overall workforce. More than 70% of its full-time managers had been promoted from within. The companys promote-from-within policy and employee-centric civilization were further illustrated by the fact that more than 50% of its full-time drivers had started as part-timers. At less than 6%, annual employee turnover at UPS was low. Long tenures and low turnover permeated the company, from its front-line employees to its district managers to its 12person executive director group up. The average tenure for district managers was 14 years.The of age(p ) management team averaged 30 years of service. Eleven of the twelve executives, including one woman and one African American, had spent their entire working lives at UPS. Interestingly, 75% of its vice presidents had started at UPS in nonmanagement positions, and nine of the twelve members of the major(postnominal) management team had only an undergraduate college degree. And no one in management had an MBA from a covering fire-ranked business school. Most had gone to such public colleges as Purdue, Delta State, Portland State, Rutgers, and the University of Illinois. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected om) on November 12, 2012 -5- UV0906 Kurt Kuehn, a member of the senior management team and senior vice president of Sales and Marketing, stated, Most senior managers like me began at UPS as part-timers in college or as package sorters or assistants. We loved it, and we stayed. UPS became a public company in 1999, in the largest IPO in the history of the New York Stock Exchange. By 2007, some half of UPS stock was owned by its current and former employees and their families. Customer Reach Yes, UPS was big and UPS was spheric. It make more than 15 million deliveries day-by-day to nearly eight million customers.Its customer-contact points included 4,400 UPS stores in the United States, 1,400 global Mail Boxes Etc. stores, 1,000 UPS customer centers, 15,000 UPS authorized outlets, and 40,000 UPS drop boxes. Measurements UPS was focused on efficiency and productivity measurings and, in 2007, spent more than $10 billion integrating its processes and technology to throw away the company a real-time 24/7, 365-day operation. Behind every driver were the sophisticated technology and operations-support team that introduce the exact location of any package or document anyplace, anytime. On a daily basis, UPS organized every part of its logistics chain for utmost efficiency, down to the order in which packages were loaded on vans. Using tec hnology, UPS pee-peed routes daily that eliminated left-hand turns, saving driving time, millions of gallons of fuel, and fuel costs annually. In kinsfolk 2003, UPS unveiled a new technology system designed to meliorate customer service and provide crackinger internal efficiency. This new system was expected to reduce mileage by more than 100 million miles and save the company almost 14 million gallons of fuel annually.In addition, the new system featured advanced tools allowing UPS to analyze and edit dispatch plans in order to optimize delivery routes and times. We mystify a saying at UPS, said Kurt Kuehn. In God we trust everything else we sum of money. Another important instalment in the UPS recipe for supremacy was its engineering process and cadence mentality. UPS mensural everything CO2 emissions, the time it took to wash a windshield, the pace a driver needed to walk to a customers house, the most economic way to start a package vans ignition, the optimum way to load a package van, and the optimal daily delivery routes.Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -6- UV0906 In 1921, undercoater Jim Casey hire the first industrial engineer to do efficiency time and doing studies. Casey started UPS on a path of process engineering that, over the years, positive into a powerful operations-research division. The division spent its first 87 years internally focused on measuring everything that could be calculated, such as studying, modeling, and simulating the movements of people, conveyor belts, and packages.For example, UPS developed 340 methods for drivers to follow to increase their efficiency and ensure preventative. This mensuration mentality taught everyone to pay attention to the detail and the little things that could threaten safety and impede on-time delivery. Another example of the passion for measurement was the way UPS measured its managers. The company used a balanced scorecard and pu blished 16 UPS key performance indicators for the economics, social, and environmental areas. UPS measured water consumption, ground-network fuel efficiency, and global aircraft emissions.The purpose of this measure-everything mentality was expressed by Jim Holsen, vice president of Engineering, who said, Were never satisfied with the way things are, if they can be improved. This measurement compulsivity did not mean that UPS was a micromanaged, rigid, robotic workplace where every action was fit(p) by best practices. UPS overcame that tendency through its performance husbandry of nonrecreational its people well, holding everyonefrom the package sorter to the CEOto the same high standards, and universe a predominantly employeeowned company.In 1942, strong controls were offset by local impropriety from the districtmanager level when drivers were given the power and authority to do what was needed to serve customers. As Jim Casey said, Each local manager is in charge of his dis trict. We indirect request him to look upon it exactly as if it were his own business. We privation him to solve his fusss in his own way. Culture The Essence of UPS To understand how UPS had continued to grow its business over a 100-year period while avoiding the common death volute of bodily arrogance, hubris, and insularity, it was important to understand the UPS purification and the UPS operations-research mentality.Both were so integrated and intertwined that they were a seamless whole. And both were continually perpetuated at UPS through stories, processes, measurement systems, human-resource policies, and leadership. Jim Casey built UPS over a 50-year period with a distinct and well-defined cultivation that embraced the values of integrity, quality, dignity, respect, stewardship, partnership, equality, and humility. To understand UPS meant understanding Casey, a man who went to work at the age of 9 because his father was ill, and who founded UPS at 19.Casey was a sel f- do success who rose above his humble background but never forgot his roots, treating every individual and employee with the dignity and respect he felt each deserved. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -7- UV0906 Casey often wrote and spoke well-nigh the type of company UPS should be and the values it needed to foster. He left his depression on UPS through the values that were taught to every new employee.UPS executives believed it was their duty to make sure those values, those ways of doing business, and those ways of victorious care of employees continued. They did not want the UPS glossiness to change or give out on their watch. The richness of the UPS culture was show by the Employee Policy Manual, which every employee received, and the compendium of Caseys speeches in the companys book Legacy of Leadership. These speeches proved that Casey wanted to hold a business where employees took pride in working for a company tha t conducted business as an outstanding corporate citizen.The UPS culture was multifaceted A performance culture with partneurial mutuality of accountability, regardless of position A constant quantity challenge-and-be-critical and be-better culture described as constructive dissatisfaction An employee-centric ownership culture with executives as stewards of the business Mutual accountability Kurt Kuehn described the UPS culture A culture of mutual accountability. Everyone is accountable to everyone else for performancedoing whats right and doing it well. And he added, With our measurement system, we try to take personalities and politics out of judging performance. At UPS, the CEO was as accountable to his employees as they were to him. And in response to this, CEO Mike Eskew had a special telephone installed in his office so that any UPS employee could call him directly at any time. This mutual accountability was partneurial because employees were viewed as partners. In fact, m ost were actual owners of the business. This mutual accountability bred a more egalitarian culture that discouraged and de treasured arrogance, hubris, or self-aggrandizement. For example, all of the meridian 12 executives at UPS had offices on the fourth floor instead of the top floor of the headquarters building.All the executives had offices of the same size, and almost all shared senior administrative assistants. These executives were not provided with limos or drivers. UPS did not own a corporate jet. Executives flew commercial and followed the same travel policies as other employees. There was no executive dining room. It was rare to see Italian suits, French cuffs, or made-to-order shirts on the fourth floor. For the most part, 11 of the 12 executives had held some(prenominal) different positions as they worked their way up the corporate ladder.The UPS culture frowned on self-marketing, and the company worked hard every day to continue the values and ideals put in place by Jim Casey. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -8- UV0906 When asked to describe the UPS mutual-performance culture, Kuehns choice of the word relentless said it all about the passion at UPS. Relentless improvement UPS was relentless about improving and worked at a problem until it was solved. By emphasizing the detailsthe blocking and tackling of the businessthe company focused on the processes of efficiency and productivity.This iterative learning culture was illustrated by Casey, who, when he started the business, wrote to more than 100 delivery companies across the United States to ask them how they made a profit. He reported, We found no singular idea that was really revolutionary. It seemed to be a government issue of learning as we went along, and that is about all that we have done. 1 The UPS culture was about the relentless pursuit of constant, incremental improvement. It was about how the company could be faster, smarter, an d more efficient. This led to the rewarding and honoring of constructive dissatisfaction.Dissent, inquiry, questioning, challenging, and critiquing were all valued and encouraged because they helped UPS improve. The company took the long-term approach. For instance, it took the international-operations division 28 years to become profitable. UPS was like the little engine that could, working at a problem or a process incrementally and iteratively until it was improved. Stewardship The third strong aspect of the UPS culture was the partneurial, employee-centric ownership and leader-stewardship that helped everyone in the company achieve their potential. According to Casey, One measure of your success allow for be he degree to which you build up others who work with you. While building up others, you will build up yourself. 2 Casey continued Good management is not just organization. It is an military position inspired by the will to do right. Good management is taking a sincere int erest in the welfare of the people you work with. It is the ability to make people feel that you and they are the companynot merely employees. 3 On the subject of future leaders, Casey said Who will those leaders be? They will be people who now, today, are beat aheadnot speculating or with fanfare but modestly and quietly.They are the plain, simple people who are doing their best in their present jobs with us, any(prenominal) those jobs may happen to be. Such people will not fail us when called 1 2 UPS archives, 1947. UPS archives, 1945. 3 UPS archives, 1944. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -9- UV0906 on for bigger things. It is for them, our successors, to remember that all the glamour, romance, and success we have in our business at any stage of its existence mustiness be the product of years of benefiting from the work of many devoted people.And there can be no glamour, no romance, and no truly great success unless it is shar ed by all. 4 The employee-centric culture of UPS was further evidenced by the following Promotion-from-within policies and actions Employee stock-ownership plans Diversity programs Employee education programs Local employees working in international operations Employee internal free-agent program allowing any UPS employee to move anywhere in the company and advanceCasey believed in and acted on the policy that it was the employees and not the executives who made a company successful, and UPS believed it had an obligation to share its success fairly with those who made it happen. The three aspects of the UPS culturemutual accountability, constructive dissatisfaction, and employee-centric policies and ownershipwere the foundation of the UPS way of doing business. Integrated into these cultural values and policies were operations research and a measurement mentality.But an important part of UPS was its corporate heart. Two examples of corporate citizenship at UPS stood out. In 1 968, at the height of the civil-rights movement in the United States, the company began a diversity-awareness program that was unique in corporate America. Calling it the Community Internship Program, UPS laid more than 1,200 senior managers in inner city or Appalachian environments. These employees spent several weeks working in soup kitchens, homeless shelters, and other community-service facilities.UPS also issued an Annual Corporate Sustainability Report. More than 80 pages long, this report little how UPS balanced its economic success with social and environmental objectives and how it measured its performance. To that end, for quintuplet years running, UPS and its employees made up the largest segment of contributors to the U. S. United Way Campaign, modify more than $57 million in 2005 alone. 4 UPS archives, 1957. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -10Cultural Fit in Hiring UV0906UPS hired people who fit into its culture an d its iterative improvement and measurement workplace. The people who UPS avoided hiring were those who wanted a fast track to the top. Instead, UPS looked for candidates who wanted to be part of a team that was the best at what it did and who loved the blocking and tackling of team business. The payoff for a job well done was the opportunity for a career of overlord and experience development. New chore Model and Strategy When UPS ran out of geographical areas in which to grow, at least three things could have happened.First, it could have hit the growth wall and plateaued. Second, it could have tried to sell new, complementary services to its existing customer base. And third, it could have made a major variegation move through an acquisition. In 1998, the company picked the second option when it denote it would provide Synchronized Commerce solutions for its customer base. Synchronized Commerce expanded UPSs market space, and CEO Mike Eskew declared, Our new mission is ambitio us. It propels us from a $90-billion market into a $3. -trillion market. In effect, Synchronized Commerce allowed UPS to sell more products and services to its existing customers. To effectuate this model, UPS acquired nearly 30 service providers with expertise in such different areas of Synchronized Commerce as freight forwarding, customer clearing, export financing, fulfillment services, and customer returns and repairs. Eskew defined Synchronized Commerce as the coordinated and efficient movement of goods, information, and financing along the supply and distribution chain.This change was huge, as it not only challenged the UPS sales force, but also changed the focus of the companys operations-research division. Rather than guidance exclusively on improving efficiency and productivity, the focus shifted to a consulting group that sold those skills to UPS customers. Four Quadrant Model UPS did not stop at its Synchronized Commerce initiative. Eskew also codified and explained UP Ss organic-growth strategy to UPS employees and to seawall Street. He named this new strategy the Four Quadrant Model, based on the University of North Carolina basketball teams use of the four-quadrant offense.He stated, We will call our offense for innovation The Four Quadrants, which focuses on innovating existing business operations internally and externally and likewise focuses innovation on new entrepreneurial ventures both internally and externally. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012 -11- UV0906 The Four Quadrant Model reemphasized the long-standing principle at UPS of maintaining the core while desire to grow new revenue sources. UPS was adamant that it could not fail in servicing its core business and that it had to keep adding services to its existing service model.Kurt Kuehn explained The more value we can add for our customers on top of or within our existing business model, the more value we will create for our custome rs and for UPS. He added, Our organic-growth strategy is simple it is the business model. The entrepreneurial activities at UPS were internally and externally driven by its venturecapital fund and alliances with universities and partners. UPS understood that it would have a high failure rate, but worked to manage the risks so that much could be learned quickly and at a low cost.Results of New Business Model In the fourth quarter of 2006, UPS initiated a restructuring plan for its forwarding and logistics operations, including a reduction in nonoperating staff of approximately 1,400 people. And how had the new model done? It had produced only $2 million in operating profit. Eskew knew that these disappointing results required a response to the public market, so he hold the situation The Supply Chain and Freight segment produced disappointing results 2006 brought a sharper focus in our logistics business.Simply, all supply chain solutions must meet two criteria. One, they must be limited to the transportation network, and two, they must be repeatable, and that is, able to be used by a number of customers simultaneously. 5 Still, the new business model had raised some interesting questions. 5 2006 UPS Annual Report. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (email&160protected com) on November 12, 2012

Great Traditions In Ethics Essay

The overcoming of the misgiving of wipeout figures as a key comp 1nt of Epicurean philosophical system. Because the Epicureans valued above solely other accomplishments, the living of a good life and that pleasure is the goal of all morality and that real pleasure is attained through a life of prudence, honor, and justice the acknowledgment in Epicurean school of thought that the revere of death intrudes upon individual happiness is non at all the similar as admission that worship of death is an insurmountable condition, (Epicureanism).To the contrary, the epicurean philosophy seeks forts to identify the root causes of the reverence of death, which are 1) The fear of being dead. 2) The fear that one will die, that ones life is going to end. 3) The fear of premature death. 4) The fear of the process of dying and for each of these considerations, Epicurean philosophy provides a response. The intention of epicurean philosophy is to persuade its adherents that death is not bad for the psyche who dies although death is inevitable and is the total annihilation of that person despite the belief in total annihilation Epicurus held no compute for death itself.The basic center of the Epicurean refusal to fear death lies in the epicurean belief that God should not concern to us. Death is not to be feared and these circumstances are unchangeable despite ones subjective, aroused reactions. because death means the end of consciousness and the total annihilation of the individual, cryptograph exists beyond death which may cause fear at all,(Warren 4-7). It is provided by admitting the fear of death and addressing it straight on through employ logic rather than religion or mysticism that the fear of death can be conquered.The Epicureans regarded the overcoming of the fear of death at the very knocker of their ethical project. They identified the goal of a good life as the removal of mental and physical upset. Mental pain they further characterized as anxietie s and fears because fear of death causes pain to the individual it must be defeat and it can be overcome by logical acceptance of the fact that death holds no pain for the person who experiences it. (Warren 6)Just as the fear of death prevented many individuals from achieving happiness in life, justice (or lack thereof) provides antagonism to happiness in the Epicurean ethical tradition. For Epicurus, laws and justice are a matter of personal bearing and dignity as well as intelligence and experience. Under an Epicurean ethic, in a world full of Epicurean sages there would be no need for written normative laws. Everyone in that case would be able to see and remember what contributes to the service of the community and would act accordingly (Warren 183).The judgment of breaking a incur of justice is wrong because it causes the eventual pain or threat of pain or disturbance to oters happiness as well as ones own. Unlike Epicurus, St. Augustine sees the need for rigid law to con trol kind-hearted society and he envisions this law emanating directly fro the Divine. In his distinction amidst the City of God and the City of Men he makes clear that the perform is divinely established and leads humankind to eternal goodness, which is God and that in the prototype city, The state adheres to the virtues of politics and of the mind, formulating a political community.Both of these societies are clear and seek to do good. (Bonner 54) By contrast, the City of Man exists to serve selfishly driven needs and does not partake of the Divine spirit of universe of discourse and Divine Law. The idea of self-love against the love of God separates the two cities an idea which springs from what Augustine was afterwards to regard in The City of God as the designer of the Earthly Citylove of self to the contempt of God (Bonner 54).

Colonial Differences from North to South Essay

During the 1700s, many colonies began to show their true differences with one another. Although the colonies were colonized by English origin only, the offices became dickens distinct societies within years. Of the colonies, the Chesapeake and the refreshful Eng unload domain were strongly diverse. The Chesapeake and the bare-assed England regions differed in the 1700s because of unearthly debates that had occurred, divergent motives that were placed when going to the innovative World, and the distinguishable economies that had developed within the colonies.First, religious debates became a huge distinguishing work out in the two regions. During the 1700s, Maryland was considered to be a Catholic Haven in the Chesapeake region. Founded by Lord Baltimore in 1634, Maryland quickly became the rescue place for Catholic-English men and women whom faced writ of execution from Protestant England. Faced with death, the Catholics of Maryland stood behind the proceeding of Tolerati on that was passed in 1649. In John Winthrops document, A model of Christian munificence, he describes how each man needs to come together for religion. perfection Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind we must knot together in this work as one man. (Document A). In Marylands Act of Toleration, the statute guaranteed in all toleration to Christians. With the act, Maryland could be Catholic without a word world said. Unlike Maryland, The invigorated England region had nothing to address with religion. invigorated England was mainly Puritan, spanning out of Calvinism. Predestination and visible saints were just two of many popular phrases used in the Puritan religion. Puritans believed in being predestined for heaven or hell when a said somebody was born.Also, Puritans had the decision to be Separatists and Non-Separatists. Many Puritans were Non-Separatists, meaning they wanted to re construct the perform of England but not have it asidely break away from it. Along with Non-Separatists, Separatists were also common. Separatists were groups of flock that wanted to completely break away from the Church of England. one of the most famous groups of Separatists was the Pilgrims. In the end, the colonies were very(prenominal) different religion and the differences in religion molded Americas freedom of religion. Next, another factor that made the two regions different, were the motives that were placed going to the olonies.In the Chesapeake region, the Virginia Company was instantly put in place when they had arrived in Virginia. The Virginia Company was a control stick stock company that had one motive in America gold. after(prenominal) the defeat of the Spanish Armada, England was craving for outside profit and America was the answer. In John Smiths document about Virginia, he describes what heart was like revolving around gold. There was no talk, but dig gold, process gold, refine gold, load gol d. (Document F). Although the gold process was almost a complete disaster within James township, the colony became the first permanent settlement.But, in the newborn England region, the English men and women were migrating to the New World for completely different reasons. First, the Separatists of England that were animated in Holland to avoid royal English rule, departed to America. The Separatists, later know as Pilgrims, set off on the Mayflower. The original plan was to land off of the coast of Virginia. However, the Mayflower until nowtually made land pass in the New England region. Living off the land and poor, the Pilgrims became friends with local indispensable Americans and later, made their own government and set the foundation for the New England colony. subsequently the Massachusetts Bay colony was formed, the main motive of the colony was to pass water it full of life and families. As quoted in the Articles of Agreement, 2. We intend that our town shall be compo sed of forty families, rich and poor. (Document D). Known as the vast Migration, around twenty thousand Puritans migrated to the New England region from England. John doorkeeper created a large list of Emigrants that were bound for New England.A family firm to migrate and John Porter recorded it 1. Joseph Hull, of Somerset, a minister, aged 40 years old. 2. Agnes Hull, his wife, aged 25 years. . Joan Hull, his daughter, aged 15 years old. etcetera (Document B). Many young families migrated from England to receive freedom of religion and break away from the clutches of royal England. Between gold, religious freedom and the Great Migration, the New England and Chesapeake had many different reasons for migrating to the New World. Lastly, the two regions became two separate worlds when economies began to develop. The Chesapeake region was known for one thing, and that was tobacco. Tobacco was vital to the colonys frugal foundations. A rich mans crop, tobacco was very labor-demand ing.When hold servants rebelled, African slaves were put to use and the Chesapeake became home to slaves. As well as labor, tobacco sparked plantations and the need for land. When slaves were imported, this became the splitting factor between the north and south. However, New England, with its cooler falls and winters, could never plant tobacco, especially with the historic New England stony soil. The stony soil prevented any farmers from successfully planting a lot of plants. New Englands economy thrived on shipbuilding, fishing, commerce and trading.The region also contained dense forests, helping the shipbuilding industry skyrocket. Also, the economy was very organized and everything affected it. In the document of Wage and Price Regulations in Connecticut, they discuss the prices and wages being regulated so that the people of the colony can understand their religious callings. .. in the interim recommends that all tradesmen and laborers consider the religious end of their call ings which is that receiving such moderate profit as may enable them to serve God and their neighbors with their arts and trades comfortably.. . (Document E).In the New England colony, everything was interconnected, including religion, economy and politics. The Chesapeakes hot, humid weather enabled the farms to grow tobacco to form their economy. But, New Englands cooler weather enabled their workers to focus on shipbuilding, trading, and even religion. In conclusion, the two regions faced many differences within their cultures when compared. Their religions, motives, and economies were a some of the distinguishing factors. As the colonies prospered in their own individual ways, the differences grew larger and became two different societies.

Courtroom Workgroups Essay

In The United States abominable justice system the idle arrangement between a criminal prosecutor, criminal defense attorney, and the juridic officeris c alled a tourist court work group. The courtroom workgroup was proposed by Eisenstein and Jacob in 1977 to justify their observations of the ways courts, especially lower level courts, actually mother to decisions. This foundational supposition in the academic discipline of criminal justice identifies the seemingly fence courtroom participants as collaborators in doing justice.Efficient courtroom workgroups seek to surgical operation chemises rather than dispense justice. Because the courtroom workgroup deviates from the humankind idea of how justice works, it has true(p) a irregular set of virtues to continue its work and ease periodic life for its participants. The academic theory of the courtroom workgroup has four cornerstone concepts that receipt this fact Speed, Pragmatic Cynicism, Collegiality, and Secrecy. This has been proved to greater and littleer extents in varied courts. Defendants are assumed to be unrighteous. The procedural merits of the case are the true determinative factors of an outcome. Prosecutors and defense attorneys engage in a comparison of steerings against realistic procedural flaws and possible defenses to determine at the going rate for a crime. These factors are used to figure out how much punishment the confession bargain will offer. For example, group relationships and the desire to keep a full-blooded working relationship are important to group members. The workings of the courtroom group and the going rate for given crimes are not matters for public disclosure. Estimates can be given to clients, but usually uttered in terms of the prosecutions willingness to negotiate. (Summarized by OConnor, T.R., 2005)The courtroom workgroup is a tool for prosecutorial discretion. Many different techniques are used to convince the suspect that the evidence against him or her is overwhelming. The suspect may be persuaded to plead guilty to a few of the charges in return for not being prosecuted for the rest charges. To convince the defendant that the risk of not pleading guilty is intolerable, charge stacking is a process by which police and prosecutors create a case with numerous charges or numerous instances of the same charge to convince the defendant that the risk of not pleading guilty is intolerable. Many indirect blackmails come together to boost date in the courtroom workgroup. Defense attorneys in public defender offices often do not have adequacy time to prepare a case in detail for all of their clients.Further, they often do not have the budget to fully go over the facts of a case through either staff or toffee-nosed investigators. They often must rely solely on police reports for much(prenominal) information. In some jurisdictions, clients do not meet their attorneys until they are in court. Typically, public defenders will me et briefly with clients in holding facilities or jails. The defense attorney defends his or her client by seeking less(prenominal) punishment. The courtroom workgroup is, in some sense, a response to a leave out of resources for public defenders. Huemann (1977) indicates that many defense attorneys feel pressured to keep up with their caseloads. This pressure can be revealed in the courtroom through disapproval by the judge for delays. Many indirect pressures come together to boost participation in the courtroom workgroup.While many of the higher level prosecutions whitewash follow the model, there is evidence that lower-level proceedings follow the courtroom workgroup model. The persuasion of a courtroom workgroup is associated with plea bargaining. The courtroom workgroup shows significant analytical occasion in overburdened courts dealing with large caseloads. The courtroom workgroup model is outstrip suited to explain jurisdictions where defense attorneys are more or less p ermanently assigned, but even occasionally appointed lawyers can get into in these practices. Boland, Brady, Tyson, & Bassler (1983) indicate that approximately 90 percent of criminal cases are settled by plea bargain. This figure appears to be durable over the last twenty years (Rainville & Reaves, 2003). Some cooperative efforts on the part of the courtroom workgroup simply must be subject to facilitate this high percentage of pleas.SourcesBoland, B., Brady, E., Tyson, H., & Bassler, J. (1983). The prosecution of felony arrests. Washington, D.C. Bureau of umpire Statistics. Eisenstein, J. & Jacob, H. (1977). Felony Justice An organizational analysis of criminal courts. Boston slight & Brown. Huemann, M. (1977). Plea bargaining The experiences of prosecutors, judges, and defense attorneys. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, Il. OConnor, T.R. (2005). Court organizational issues The courtroom workgroup. http//faculty.ncwc.edu/TOConnor/417/417lect12.htm Rainville, G. & Reaves, B.A. (2003). Felony defendants in large urban counties. Washington D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Ethical Considerations of Banning or Restricting the Developing World’s Access to the Cheaper Technologies

1. What atomic number 18 the possible ethical considerations of banning or limiting the developing worlds access to the same cheaper technologies that made the US what it is now?Current news and politics is full of concern about the environment, curiously as it is related to oil use and the auto industry. There are a number of ethical considerations that arise out of these issues.Please be certain(p) to answer ALL of the following questionsSome propose that these concerns could be projected if our use of cars was limited by increased gasoline taxesif gas is more(prenominal) expensive, we will use less of it and, as a beneficial by-product, meliorate the environment. What do you think of this proposal and what surmisal would support your position? be there injustices built into such measures? If so, is there any practical look to avoid them?What about the possibility that the US auto industry, encouraged by its partial owner, the US government, will no longer produce volumed gas guzzlers (think Hummer) or will subsidize hybrid or kelvin cars? Is it ethical for the government to essentially prevent a US community from producing a legal good or encourage a bon ton to produce one good over another? What ethical theory supports your position? What are the possible ethical considerations of banning or restricting the developing worlds access to the same cheaper technologies (fluorocarbons, coal burning plants, etc.) that made the US what it is today?Finally, the world today is full of news about fracking, the wreak by which a high volume of liquid is pumped into the filth to fracture rock and extract natural gas. What are the ethical considerations of either permitting or prohibiting property owners from using their property in this manner? make sure that you have adequately dealt with all the subtleties of the particular theory. The answers to these questions can be found in the text but merely quoting from the text or paraphrasing the text will earn minimal creditthe answers should be in your own words and should involve someexplanation and discussion of what these concepts mean.

Inclusive Learning Essay

XXXXXX XXXXXX is a registered charity offering drill ground commandment programmes to progeny adults. Within my social occasion as Advanced didactics Practitioner, I am responsible for(p) for curriculum design, monitoring doctrine, faculty train and mentoring, quality assurance and student achievement in addition to my role as a raw material Skills Tutor. Before analysing accredited normals, I relieve oneself gained the consent from those directly involved. In order to assess current inclusive breeding principles and employments of the organisation, I ask to increase my understanding of inclusive learn for my own Continued Professional Development (CPD).I adopt to forge of my own practices and the practices of others and evaluate the service provided. Findings What is comprehensive acquire? Inclusive training back be defined as the greatest degree of advert or fit between the case-by-case apprentices requirements and the provision that is do for them ( FEFC, 1996, p2). Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and confluence the reading needs of whole students and being awargon of their individual needs. It is ab out(a) identifying the mediocre adjustment that discount be made without it having a negative impact of the teaching and learning of others.open air University Press (2006) defines inclusive learning as acknowledging your students devour a range of individual needs and ar members of diverse communities. Inclusive teaching avoids pigeonholing students into specific groups with predictable and fixed hailes to learning. It is important to pass on the need to be proactive as opposed to being reactive. To practice inclusive learning, actions need to be backpackn prior to students commencing the process.The Tomlinson report 1996 states Re-designing learning, estimation and organisations to fit objectives and learning styles may mean introducing new content to courses, adapting regain or both. This approach is quite different from offering courses and then vainglorious students with difficulties some additional human or bodily aids to crack upicipate. nether the Special statement Needs and Dis king Act (SENDA) 2001, completely bringing upal foundments must not treat students less favourably than others and make reasonable adjustments to master that their scholarly persons atomic get along 18 not substanti entirelyy disadvant boardd. tuition Environment An amicable and safe learning environment is vital for inclusive learning to deal place. The premises that XXXXXX XXXXXX occupy atomic number 18 located on the second and one-third floor of a listed building. There are no lifts and in that respect is a staircase leading up to the important reception. Under the Disability disparity Act, there is a requirement to make reasonable adjustment to be able to ensure those students with a mobility disability are not excluded. XXXXXX guard made contingency plans whereby they us e the premises within a local college as and when required.SENDA 2001 states that students should be able to access alone services provided for other students. In this case, the local college offers all the facilities and services we offer our students. Taking this into favor, reasonable adjustments nourish been made. Access for all In order to give strategic manner to inclusive learning, Smith and Armstrong (2005, p1) state providers need to adopt a co-ordinated approach to inclusive learning, workings with different groups, genders and levels of learners. These is achieved ongoing within XXXXXX XXXXX.There is no discrimination on the grounds of gender or sexual penchant within XXXXXX XXXXXX and therefore XXXXXXcomply with all aspects of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. Our learners beget from mixed race, religion and in order to ensure that we compel these learners, all ply receive multifaith calendars to ensure that they discount manage their learning all(prenominal)p lace religious or cultural holidays. As we are funded for a 14-19 age provision, we cannot offer learning to some(prenominal)one outside this age range. This is a limitation by DCELLS.Should anyone outside this age range require the same type of education and training, there are other training providers where they can be signposted. McGivney (2003) guidelines put forward that race with disabilities, ex-offenders, low paid unqualified workers, male manual workers, unemployed groups, rural residents, women with young children, homeless and those from ethnic minority groups may have problems in intermiticipating in organised learning activities. (DCSF, 2008) states 9% of young people aged 16-19 are Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET).As part of the every(prenominal) Child Matters Agenda their amaze is to break down the barriers to achievement and provide opportunities for those disengaged from learning. This agendum intends to ensure that programmes have been set up to identify children and young adults at risk and stir early intervention. According to the 14-19 Education and Skills White melodic theme those with learning difficulties are twice as likely to become NEET. XXXXXX XXXXXX have recently established lane found jejuneness work teams crosswise communities in southwesterly Wales, working with partner organisations to engage some of the enceinteest to reach young peopleAnd to progress them onto positive development opportunities in their own communities. The current teams are a pilot and are hoping to expand the project into other geographic and sector communities. XXXXXX XXXXXX are as well as establishing links to deliver full and part time extended curriculum services in schools for 14-18 year olds across Wales, providing support for young people in the youth justice organization establishing a youth drop in facilities at many centres and expanding the street based youth work.XXXXXXare also in community cohesion work particula rly in areas with a volumed European migrant youth communities and those with a migrant non-welsh speak community within Welsh speaking indigenous communities. XXXXXXis piloting development of youth volunteering in under-represented groups. Taking all this into consideration, it shows the effort that is being made in order to provide inclusive learning to those students who are at risk of becoming NEET. Inclusive Learning in Initial Assessment According to Green and Bartram 1998, p7) Early and rough-and-ready opinion of students requirements is critical to the concept of inclusive learning.There are triad stages to the sign assessment process within the organisation. Prior to a learner joining they go through an initial assessment process. This begins with an informal wonder following an endorsement from Careers Wales. In this interview, it allows the organisation time to carry out an informal assessment and identify individual learning needs. On entry, basal skills initial assessments and a VARK learning styles questionnaire are completed. From this process, an Individual Learning be after (ILP) is written that is specific to the needs of the learner which go away identify individual goals.Green and Bartram (1998. p10) outline that in order to achieve best practice there should be a common and shared understanding of the theatrical role of initial assessment. Through discussion with staff and observations of the initial assessment process, it is evident that this there is a thorough initial assessment process which allows many opportunities to identify any individual needs and preferences. Following this process, if a learner is identified as having a literacy or numeracy need, diagnostic assessment is carried out.Learners have the opportunity to do these either by stem based methods or using data Technology (IT). The results of this assessment then advance an Individual Learning Plan that is specific to the learners literacy and/or numeracy ne eds and takes into consideration any special arrangements that may be required. Inclusive learning in the classroom If there has been an individual need identified through initial assessment, it is at this point XXXXXX XXXXXX are reactive as appose to being proactive. For those with physical disabilities, arrangements are made to support them.As previously discussed there is a lose of facilities within the centres to support learners with a disability touch on mobility and this is taken into consideration when careers signpost learners. Apart from this, Rooms are bright, hygienic ventilated and are small enough to be able to accommodate those with minor hearing or visual impairments. When considering students who are deaf and hard of hearing, XXXXXXdo not have a strategy in place for dealings with those who require specialist support including lip speakers, sign language interpreters and words to text reporters.Although many learners who require this support often plan their ow n support requirements. To ensure inclusion in the classroom, it should be considered when planning lessons. at a time the aims and objectives have been decided, it is then important to consider the needs and previous experiences of the learners. At this stage, you can consider if there are any adjustments that can be made to ensure that the lesson is inclusive Open University Press (2006). This could be large print handouts, varied teaching strategies, practical tasks as appose to written, aural or visual methods and where possible, fetching into account multi sensory learning.When carrying out inquiring in the classroom, there was very favourable use of reinforcement techniques to consolidate learning. Although tutors encouraged all members of the group to participate, this was done in such a modality that no learners felt uncomfortable. When this was necessary (e. g. a speaking and hearing task) it was managed in a positive way to recognise individual needs. If learners nee d support with fundamental skills, subject specific tutors (NVQ, Key Skills) liaise with the underlying Skills Tutor to organise extra support in addition to their literacy and/or numeracy classes.If the learner has a learning difficulty that affects concentration, extra comfort breaks can be given and short activities should also be planned that go in teaching strategy to keep learners engaged. At present, DCELLS are working towards converged basic and key out skills. This initiative should have encourage a more than than standard approach as qualifications will be delivered in a different training and staff will be required to update their CPD. Practices vary depending on the experience of individual tutors within XXXXXX XXXXXX.When observing a key skills session, a tutor suggested to her group that it would be advantage to take notes whilst completing practical activities. On her lesson plan, she had shown inclusive practices by suggesting a Basic Skills Tutor could offer s upport with both reading and note taking if required. In terms of the use of classroom assistants or support workers, this is the single instance that in class support is offered due to staffing levels within the organisation. The majority of tutors promote equal opportunities practices by having notes available at the end of the lesson for all learners.Others show inclusive learning techniques by issuing gapped handouts at the outgrowth of the lesson to support those with individual needs. This later method allows those learners who have lack of authorization in groups, those with hearing difficulties or partial sight a great chance of achieving the objectives set from the lesson. Experienced staff uses assistive technology in the classroom such as coloured acetate, worksheets on coloured paper or magnifying equipment to support learners when reading books, but once again staff training is needed to ensure consistency throughout the organisation.Smith and Armstrong (2005) sugg est providers should make sure that CPD and staff training supports structures and systems implemented to deliver the inclusive learning agenda. Through discussion with staff, it is evident that staff members have undersize knowledge of how to support learners with Dyslexia, Attention deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and other learning and behavioural needs. Therefore staff CPD needs to be updated and staff training offered. Having observed a cream of basic skills sessions, I have seen eminence being managed very salutary within the classroom.There are isolated cases where worksheets have been the main teaching strategy due to the diverse nature of the group but the main reason for this is the need for staff development and training. Within sessions, individuals show good inclusive learning techniques when giving feedback. They are constructive and give sycophancy for what has been done well and avoid being negative to learners. For those w ho have physical disabilities, there is IT equipment available such as specialist mouse and the ability to increase the font size on the majority of programmes used.If there is a need for out of class support, this is also available from the training assessors responsible for the individual learners. Individual training assessors are encouraged to spend time with all learners to build a rapport and encourage them to discuss any individual learning needs. These persons are trained to signpost for guidance and management if required. Assessment Once learning has taken place, there are variant methods of assessment that are used. Within basic skills, learners are given a choice of completing assignments which are paper based or tests that can be taken using IT.For those who have to submit a portfolio, they are given the option of using IT to produce their work. There are also dictaphones available to record case studies, professional discussions or oral quizzical as appose to writte n questions. These strategies in place show differentiation for individual needs are being considered. As well as the usual methods of assessment, learners also get a review which is carried out each four weeks. In this review, their progress is monitored and feedback is given on their performance.The Tomlinson Report (1996) shows us that monitoring progress and providing effective feedback contributes to effective inclusive teaching. Within their basic skills support sessions, further feedback is also given as part of their literacy/numeracy ILP. each learners at the end of their visits are given a Training And certification Log (TASL) which gives them feedback on any work produced. Conclusion Following this investigation, I have reached the conclusion that the organisation is reactive as appose to proactive with regard to inclusive learning.As a training provider, XXXXXX XXXXXX are real non-selective about the learners who complete a programme. Many of the learners face a numb er of obstacles to engaging in learning including low educational attainment, a lack of basic and/or personal skills, caring obligations, homelessness, lack of self belief, trust and self worth. Despite this, over 70% of the young people that are supported leave with a positive outcome. The 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper state that 12. 5% of the NEET group have learning difficulties and/or disabilities.If XXXXXXtraining wishes to overcompensate aiming to offer inclusive learning and reduce this NEET cohort, there is a need to train staff by offering CPD in inclusive learning and ways of developing an inclusive learning strategy within the learner process. There are different teaching approaches within the organisation. (Tilstone et al. ,1998, p. 6) states a key issue in promoting inclusive practice must be a reappraisal of the training provided to teachers and other professionals From my observations, I find oneself that this is an accurate supposition to make.I have bee n able to observe many sessions over a period of time and have seen that tutors need training on how to hold in inclusive learning strategies within their lesson plan. Smith and Armstrong (2005) also discuss how providers should establish a strategy for sharing best practice within an organisation. XXXXXXhave meetings for every subject route on a quarterly basis. Although this is an excellent way of sharing best practice, inclusive learning should be listed as an agenda item to ensure that it gets the attention it requires.Although everything is done during the learner process to ensure that equal opportunities and diversity are managed, XXXXXXhave a bullying and harassment use in place and also a grievance procedure that prospective, current and past learners can instigate if they wish. From carrying out research into inclusive learning within XXXXXX XXXXXX, it has been shown that on the whole, a lot of work goes in to meeting the individual needs of the learner and offering a po sitive learner experience.Having now completed this research, it has made me aware of the financial restraints of the organisation. I feel that I will carry out my role as adenosine triphosphate differently when training staff and mentoring. When working towards curriculum design, I will also ask myself the question How can I make it more inclusive? and from this, I feel that this has played a big part in my CPD. Bibliography ACCESS UNIT. (2006, celestial latitude 18). Access Unit Making Information Accessible to Disabled Students. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from University of Bristolhttp//www.bristol. ac. uk/accessunit/disabilityinfo/accessible33. html ADAMS, M. , & BROWN, S. (2006). Towards Inclusive Learning in Higher Education. London Routledge . BLOOMER, M. , & HODKINSON, P. (1997). Moving into FE The fathom of the learner. London Further Education Development Agency (FEDA). CLOUGH, P. (1998). Managing Inclusive Education. From polity to Experience. London Sage. CSI E. (2008, April 30). About Inclusion. 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